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Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoi (June 8, 1837 - April 6, 1887) was a Russian painter and art critic. He was the intellectual leader of the Russian democratic art movement from 1860-1880. Under the influence of ideas of the Russian revolutionary democrats Kramskoi asserted representation about a high public duty of artist, principles of realism, moral substance and a nationality of art. He became one of the main founders and ideologists of Company of Mobile Art Exhibitions (or Peredvizhniki). In 1863-1868 he taught at drawing school of a society of encouragement of applied arts.
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